Remote Sensing Technologies and Global Markets

NEW YORK, Oct. 7, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Remote Sensing Technologies and Global Markets
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INTRODUCTION

Remote Sensing Technologies and Global Markets expands on BCC Research's three previous studies of the $12.1 billion market for products created from data acquired by remote sensing instrumentation. In this edition, regional forecasts that appeared in previous studies have been replaced with nation-level forecasts for the 39 countries in which 2019 product demand is expected to surpass $40 million. Forecasts are presented as a series of 100 tables, organized by country and 20 end-user markets.
The remote sensing end-user markets forecast in this study are:
• Agriculture.
• Archeological and cultural site protection.
• Atmospheric research.
• Border protection.
• Cartography.
• Climate change studies.
• Disaster management.
• Forestry.
• Hydrology and freshwater resources.
• Intelligence gathering.
• Land mine detection.
• Land planning.
• Law enforcement.
• Natural hazard monitoring.
• Oceanography.
• Oil, gas and mineral exploration.
• Public health.
• Right-of-way management.
• Urban and suburban planning.
• Weather forecasting.

Remote sensing instruments addressed in this study are:
• Acoustic/Sonar.
• Camera (digital imager).
• Camera (film).
• Gravity.
• Hyperspectral.
• Laser.
• Lidar.
• Multispectral.
• Radar.
• Seismic.

Countries forecasted are:
• Argentina.
• Australia.
• Austria.
• Belgium.
• Brazil.
• Canada.
• China - Mainland.
• China - Taiwan.
• China-Hong Kong.
• Colombia.
• Czech Republic.
• Denmark.
• Finland.
• France.
• Germany.
• Greece.
• India.
• Indonesia.
• Israel.
• Italy.
• Japan.
• Korea-South.
• Mexico.
• Netherlands.
• Norway.
• Pakistan.
• Poland.
• Portugal.
• Russia.
• Saudi Arabia.
• Singapore.
• South Africa.
• Spain.
• Sweden.
• Switzerland.
• Thailand.
• Turkey.
• U.K.
• U.S.
• Rest of the World.

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

The goal of this study was to expand on the analyst's three previous examinations of the remote sensing industry, the most recent of which was published in 2011. In this current study, the most recent available data was used to forecast 20 end-user markets in the 39 countries that account for approximately $11 billion of the $12.1 billion global market for remote sensing products.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

Since BCC Research last visited the topic in 2011, several significant events have influenced the demand for information products created from remote sensed data.
• Many of the key satellite platforms used to acquire critical remote sensing data have been retired; some, but not all, have been replaced with obvious implications for the availability for current data.
• A considerable body of new public data describing national infrastructures, environmental resources and other leading indicators of demand for remote sensing products has become available, making it possible to refine forecasts from the regional to country level for markets greater than $40 million.
• Federal programs that support the collection of remote sensing—the supply side of the industry in the U.S. and European Union—have been subject to budget cutbacks, negatively impacting new data acquisition.
• State- and community-level data users—the demand side of the industry—have had funding reduced as a result of the trickle-down of austere federal budgets.
• In the U.S., Congress mandated the opening of the skies to pilotless "drone" aircraft, which is anticipated to radically change the economics for creating remote sensing products from instrumentation operating from airborne platforms. The ability to acquire a complete unmanned aerial system (UAS) for what is presently the cost of conducting one mission with a manned aircraft will reduce the cost of data acquisition, but also the overall value of the market.
• The opening of the skies to UAS remote sensing removes the need for unique Certificate of Authorizations, which law enforcement agencies must now acquire from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), spawning a contentious national debate on privacy rights issues.
• Increased capability of geographic information systems (GIS) has blurred previous qualitative distinction between very expensive space-based platforms, moderately expensive airborne platforms and low-cost UAS platforms.
• GIS software has sped the integration of low-cost and free historic datasets. The resulting homogenization of historic, recent and real-time data access has reduced the costs of producing remote products. For example, first- generation black and white TV images of U.S. cloud cover from 1970s era weather satellites have proved unexpectedly useful in climate change studies.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This study will be of interest to executives and investors in industries serving the 20 end-user application areas that define the remote sensing market, and manufacturers and marketers of remote sensing instrument and platforms. It will be equally useful for decision makers for national and state governments, multinational organizations and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

SCOPE OF REPORT

This report focuses exclusively on products created from platform-mounted remote sensors. Instruments excluded from this study are:
• Instruments that require physical contact with a substance, such as flow gauges in stream monitoring and chromatographs and kindred laboratory instruments in air-quality investigations.
• Airport screening systems.
• Products created from instruments aboard platforms owned by the U.S. defense and intelligence communities and their foreign counterparts.

METHODOLOGY

Study METHODOLOGY: Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. To undertake this forecast, we analyzed remote sensing products currently on the market, announced products, interviews with industry leaders, U.S. patents and products referenced in forward-looking financial statements filed with the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC). The value of imagery has been calculated on the basis of published prices, and in the case of government agencies, by extrapolating from published program budgets. Demand within each end-user market was predicated upon the use of industry best practices.
Forecasting METHODOLOGY: The forecasting model used in this study sees the national demand for remote sensing products as responding to three factors.
• Sufficient telecommunications and information technology (IT) infrastructure.
• Mechanisms for training workers to use remote sensing products.
• The ability to pay for the requisite IT infrastructure, training and data.

Comparative differences among countries regarding those three factors can be ascertained from a nation's GDP, the use of telecommunications services such as company websites and email by businesses, and its willingness to train its workforce. End-use demand at the national level can be further clarified by adjusting for application-specific indicators. For example, the number of acres of arable land directly correlates with the demand for remote sensing by agricultural end users. Similarly, the length of a nation's border serves as a leading indicator for border protection products. Factors influencing forecasts are described throughout this study.

INFORMATION SOURCES

BCC reviewed more than 700 companies to obtain data for this study. We also reviewed reports and studies prepared for peer-reviewed professional literature, and reports by the technical staffs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as well as their foreign counterparts. We also reviewed relevant Government Accountability Office (GAO), Congressional Research Service (CRS) and Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) documents and filings, as well as presidential directives, executive orders and policy statements. We also examined the technical specifications for 277 presently operating earth observation, navigation/GPS and remote sensing satellites compiled by the Union of Concerned Scientists. In addition, we also reviewed data from scientific and technical conferences, presentations prepared for financial analysts, the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), European Commission (EC), European Space Agency (ESA) and the World Bank (WB). All information contained in this study was acquired exclusively from open sources.

ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS

Technology analyst, James Wilson, studies the commercial aspects of science and technology. Formerly the editor of the Princeton Business Journal and a senior science and technology editor for Hearst Magazines, he is a past member of the National Association of Science Writers. Wilson has served on the adjunct faculty of Temple University and on the staffs of Drexel University and the Academy of Natural Sciences. In addition to being the project analyst for earlier BCC Research studies of remote sensing, he was also the analyst for BCC studies of the global markets for portable analysis instrumentation, robots, intelligent wireless microsystems and mobile telematics systems. Titles of his studies are followed by asterisks in the listing below. In connection with his study of remote sensing, Wilson has visited corporate and military satellite remote sensing and UAV research and operation centers in the U.S. and Europe.

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

This report provides:
• An overview of the global market for remote sensing technologies, including four major remote sensing platforms, 10 key remote sensing instruments, and 20 applications that account for the bulk of the industry
• Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2012, estimates for 2013 and 2014, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2019
• Estimates of demand for remote sensing products by region, instrument by application, and platform by application
• An explanation of remote sensing image analysis techniques
• Reviews of remote sensing patents, including patent abstracts and the names of the inventors and original patent assignees
• Identification of the major organizations that form and support the global remote sensing community
• Comprehensive company profiles of major players.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 3
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 4
INTENDED AUDIENCE 5
SCOPE OF REPORT 5
METHODOLOGY 5
INFORMATION SOURCES 6
ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 6
RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS 6
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 7
DISCLAIMER 7

CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 9

SUMMARY TABLE VALUE OF REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS BY PLATFORM,
THROUGH 2019 ($ BILLIONS) 9
SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS BY PLATFORM,
2013-2019 ($ BILLIONS) 9

CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 12

NATIONAL MARKET FORECAST TO 2019 12
TABLE 1 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2019 ($
MILLIONS) 13
GOVERNMENTS DRIVE SUPPLY AND DEMAND 14
TABLE 2 U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCY INVOLVEMENT IN COMMERCIAL REMOTE
SENSING PRODUCTS 14
AN EVOLVING U.S. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL STRATEGY 15
THE GPS-GIS CONVERGENCE 16
GPS 17
NAVSTAR 17
TABLE 3 NAVSTAR SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 18
Galileo 19
TABLE 4 GALILEO SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 19
GLONASS 19
TABLE 5 GLONASS SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 19
Compass/Beidou 20
TABLE 6 COMPASS/BEIDOU SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 20
TABLE 7 COMPASS BEIDOU 2 SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 21
Indian and Japanese Constellations 21
GIS 21

CHAPTER 4 REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS 24

REMOTELY SENSED PHENOMENA 25
TABLE 8 REMOTELY SENSED PHENOMENA 25
TABLE 9 REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS ACRONYMS 27
ACOUSTIC INSTRUMENTS 29
SONAR 29
SIDE SCAN SONAR 30
INFRASOUND 30
TABLE 10 APPLICATIONS FOR INFRASONIC SYSTEMS 31
FIGURE 1 LOCATIONS OF CTBTO MONITORING STATIONS 31
FIGURE 2 HOW THE URALS METEOR EVENT APPEARED TO CTBTO SENSORS 32
CAMERAS (DIGITAL) 33
FIGURE 3 CAPTURING 3-D DETAIL WITH A SINGLE PIXEL 35
CAMERAS (FILM) 35
TABLE 11 FILMS USED FOR REMOTE SENSING 36
PANCHROMATIC FILMS 36
NATURAL COLOR FILMS 36
INFRARED FILMS 37
ULTRAVIOLET FILMS 37
GRAVITATIONAL INSTRUMENTS 37
GRAVIMETERS 38
GRADIOMETERS 38
MAGNETOTELLURICS 39
LASER INSTRUMENTS 39
LASER RANGING 39
TERAHERTZ BAND DETECTION 39
LIDAR 40
RADAR 41
TABLE 12 RADAR BANDS 42
DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR 42
SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADARS 43
SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY 43
GROUND-PENETRATING RADARS 43
TABLE 13 GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (RESOLUTION AND PULSE
CHARACTERISTICS) 44
TABLE 14 RADAR EQUIPPED SATELLITES (OPERATIONAL AS OF JUNE 1, 2013) 45
SEISMIC INSTRUMENTS 45
TABLE 15 SEISMIC SENSORS (V/METER, HIGHER VALUES ARE BETTER) 46
SPECTRAL IMAGING 46
MULTISPECTRAL INSTRUMENTS 46
TABLE 16 BANDS COMMONLY USED IN REMOTE SENSING 47
HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYZERS 48
SPACE-OPTIMIZED INSTRUMENTS 48
ASAR: ADVANCED SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR 48
ASTER: ADVANCED SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION AND REFLECTION
RADIOMETER 48
ATSR: ALONG TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER 49
MODIS: MODERATE-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER 49
MSS: MULTI-SPECTRAL SCANNER 49
TM: THEMATIC MAPPER 50
INSTRUMENTS OPTIMIZED FOR TERRESTRIAL PLATFORMS 50

CHAPTER 5 REMOTE SENSING PLATFORMS 53

TABLE 17 OPERATIONAL COST AND COST TRENDS FOR PLATFORMS (INCLUDES
LAW ENFORCEMENT, EXCLUDES MILITARY AND FEDERAL SURVEILLANCE) 54
AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 54
MANNED AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 55
TABLE 18 NASA MANNED AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING PLATFORMS 56
TABLE 19 NOAA MANNED AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING PLATFORMS 57
UNMANNED AIRBORNE PLATFORMS 57
FIGURE 4 LOW-COST UAV FLIGHT AND MISSION CONTROLLER 58
FIGURE 5 LOW-COST UAV MISSION PLANNING SCREEN 58
CONGRESS ORDERS UAVS INTO THE SKY 59
AQUATIC PLATFORMS 60
TABLE 20 NATIONS OPERATING RESEARCH VESSELS 60
THE NOAA FLEET 61
TABLE 21 NOAA VESSELS 61
THE ALASKA REGION RESEARCH VESSEL (ARRV) 61
BUOYS: THE ORIGINAL UNMANNED AQUATIC PLATFORMS 62
TABLE 22 WAVE BUOYS FOR LITTORAL APPLICATIONS 63
TABLE 23 ARGOS MEMBERS 64
NEPTUNE CANADA 64
TABLE 24 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT LOCATIONS 65
TABLE 25 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES 65
SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS 66
UNIQUE OPERATIONAL ASPECTS 66
TABLE 26 THRESHOLDS TO SPACE 66
ORBITAL BASICS 67
THE HIGH COST OF SPACE DEBRIS 67
MANNED PLATFORMS 68
THE SPACE SHUTTLE 68
LONG-TERM DATASETS FROM SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS 69
LANDSAT 69
TABLE 27 LANDSAT SERIES REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES (SATELLITES
OPERATIONAL ON JUNE 1, 2013 APPEAR IN BOLD) 72
EOS—THE EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM PROGRAM 72
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) 73
PRESENTLY OPERATING SATELLITE PLATFORMS 75
TABLE 28 NATIONS WITH ORBITAL PLATFORMS (PLATFORMS OPERATIONAL AS OF
JUNE 1, 2013) 76
TERRESTRIAL PLATFORMS 76
TABLE 29 C-MAN BASELINE DATASETS 78
MOBILE TERRESTRIAL PLATFORMS 78
EARTHSCOPE 78

CHAPTER 6 FORECASTS FOR 39 MAJOR NATIONAL MARKETS 81

ORGANIZATION OF COUNTRY-LEVEL FORECAST TABLES 81
COUNTRY-LEVEL COMPARISON TABLES 82
TABLE 30 NATIONAL DEMAND IN THE 39 LARGEST REMOTE SENSING MARKETS, BY
DEMAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 82
TABLE 31 NATIONAL DEMAND IN THE 39 LARGEST REMOTE SENSING MARKETS, BY
GROWTH RATE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 83
COUNTRY-LEVEL MARKET COMPOSITION TABLES 84
TABLE 32 NATIONAL MARKET FOR ARGENTINA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 33 NATIONAL MARKET FOR AUSTRALIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 34 NATIONAL MARKET FOR AUSTRIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 86
TABLE 35 NATIONAL MARKET FOR BELGIUM, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 86
TABLE 36 NATIONAL MARKET FOR BRAZIL, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 87
TABLE 37 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CANADA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 88
TABLE 38 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CHINA - MAINLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($
MILLIONS) 88
TABLE 39 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CHINA - TAIWAN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 89
TABLE 40 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CHINA-HONG KONG, THROUGH 2019 ($
MILLIONS) 90
TABLE 41 NATIONAL MARKET FOR COLOMBIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 90
TABLE 42 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CZECH REPUBLIC, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 91
TABLE 43 NATIONAL MARKET FOR DENMARK, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 92
TABLE 44 NATIONAL MARKET FOR FINLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 92
TABLE 45 NATIONAL MARKET FOR FRANCE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 46 NATIONAL MARKET FOR GERMANY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 94
TABLE 47 NATIONAL MARKET FOR GREECE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 94
TABLE 48 NATIONAL MARKET FOR INDIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 95
TABLE 49 NATIONAL MARKET FOR INDONESIA, 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 96
TABLE 50 NATIONAL MARKET FOR ISRAEL, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 96
TABLE 51 NATIONAL MARKET FOR ITALY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 97
TABLE 52 NATIONAL MARKET FOR JAPAN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 98
TABLE 53 NATIONAL MARKET FOR KOREA-SOUTH, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 98
TABLE 54 NATIONAL MARKET FOR MEXICO, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 99
TABLE 55 NATIONAL MARKET FOR NETHERLANDS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 100
TABLE 56 NATIONAL MARKET FOR NORWAY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 100
TABLE 57 NATIONAL MARKET FOR PAKISTAN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 101
TABLE 58 NATIONAL MARKET FOR POLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 102
TABLE 59 NATIONAL MARKET FOR PORTUGAL, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 102
TABLE 60 NATIONAL MARKET FOR RUSSIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 103
TABLE 61 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SAUDI ARABIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 62 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SINGAPORE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 63 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SOUTH AFRICA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 105
TABLE 64 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SPAIN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 106
TABLE 65 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SWEDEN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 106
TABLE 66 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SWITZERLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 107
TABLE 67 NATIONAL MARKET FOR THAILAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 108
TABLE 68 NATIONAL MARKET FOR TURKEY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 108
TABLE 69 NATIONAL MARKET FOR U.K., THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 109
TABLE 70 NATIONAL MARKET FOR U.S., THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 110
TABLE 71 NATIONAL MARKET FOR REST OF THE WORLD, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 111

CHAPTER 7 END-USER MARKET FORECASTS 113

TABLE 72 FORECAST DEMAND FOR THE 20 REMOTE SENSING END-USER MARKETS,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 114
AGRICULTURE 115
VISUAL IMAGERY NEUTRALIZES SPIN 116
GROWING POPULATION VERSUS LIMITED LAND AVAILABILITY 116
TABLE 73 LAND SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE (MILLION SQ KM) 118
TABLE 74 REGIONS WITH BELOW AVERAGE CEREAL YIELD (KILOGRAMS PER
HECTARE) 118
AGRICULTURE FORECAST TABLES 119
TABLE 75 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN AGRICULTURE, THROUGH
2019 ($ MILLIONS) 119
TABLE 76 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
AGRICULTURE (%) 120
TABLE 77 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR AGRICULTURE (%) 120
ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL SITE PROTECTION 120
FORECASTS FOR ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL SITE PROTECTION 122
TABLE 78 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ARCHEOLOGICAL AND
CULTURAL SITE PROTECTION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 122
TABLE 79 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL SITE PROTECTION (%) 123
TABLE 80 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL SITE
PROTECTION (%) 124
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 124
TABLE 81 ACRONYMS USED IN ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 125
FORECASTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 128
TABLE 82 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH,
THROUGH 2019 128
TABLE 83 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (%) 129
TABLE 84 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (%) 129
REMOTE SENSING IN BORDER PROTECTION 130
FORECASTS FOR BORDER PROTECTION 131
TABLE 85 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN BORDER PROTECTION,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 131
TABLE 86 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR BORDER
PROTECTION (%) 132
TABLE 87 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR BORDER PROTECTION (%) 133
CARTOGRAPHY 133
FORECASTS FOR CARTOGRAPHY 134
TABLE 88 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CARTOGRAPHY, THROUGH
2019 ($ MILLIONS) 134
TABLE 89 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
CARTOGRAPHY, THROUGH 2019 (%) 135
TABLE 90 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR CARTOGRAPHY (%) 136
CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES 136
WARMING PERMAFROST AND MELTING GLACIERS 137
GLACIER MELT RATES 138
FORECASTS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES 140
TABLE 91 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CLIMATE CHANGE
STUDIES, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 140
TABLE 92 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR CLIMATE
CHANGE STUDIES (%) 142
TABLE 93 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES (%) 142
DISASTER MANAGEMENT 142
UN-SPIDER 143
FORECASTS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 143
TABLE 94 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 143
TABLE 95 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT (%) 144
TABLE 96 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT (%) 145
FORESTRY 145
FORECASTS FOR FORESTRY 146
TABLE 97 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN FORESTRY, THROUGH
2019 ($ MILLIONS) 146
TABLE 98 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR FORESTRY
(%) 147
TABLE 99 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR FORESTRY (%) 147
HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 147
NASA SNOWPACK MAPPING INITIATIVE 149
FORECASTS FOR HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT 151
TABLE 100 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN HYDROLOGY AND
FRESHWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 151
TABLE 101 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (%) 152
TABLE 102 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (%) 152
INTELLIGENCE GATHERING 152
FORECASTS FOR INTELLIGENCE GATHERING 154
TABLE 103 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN INTELLIGENCE
GATHERING, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 154
TABLE 104 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
INTELLIGENCE GATHERING (%) 155
TABLE 105 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR INTELLIGENCE GATHERING (%) 155
LAND MINE DETECTION 156
FORECASTS FOR LAND MINE DETECTION 156
TABLE 106 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN LAND MINE DETECTION,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 156
TABLE 107 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAND
MINE DETECTION (%) 157
TABLE 108 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR LAND MINE DETECTION (%) 157
LAND PLANNING 158
TABLE 109 PIONEERING STATE AND COUNTY REMOTE SENSING PROGRAMS IN THE
U.S. 158
FORECASTS FOR LAND PLANNING 159
TABLE 110 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN LAND PLANNING,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 159
TABLE 111 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAND
PLANNING (%) 160
TABLE 112 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR LAND PLANNING (%) 160
LAW ENFORCEMENT 161
DRONES IGNITE PRIVACY DEBATE IN THE U.S. 161
FORECASTS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT 164
TABLE 113 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 164
TABLE 114 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAW
ENFORCEMENT (%) 165
TABLE 115 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT (%) 166
NATURAL HAZARD MONITORING 166
FORECASTS FOR NATURAL HAZARD MONITORING 167
TABLE 116 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN NATURAL HAZARD
MONITORING, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 167
TABLE 117 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR NATURAL
HAZARD MONITORING (%) 168
TABLE 118 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR NATURAL HAZARD MONITORING (%) 168
OCEANOGRAPHY 169
FORECASTS FOR OCEANOGRAPHY 169
TABLE 119 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN OCEANOGRAPHY,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 169
TABLE 120 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
OCEANOGRAPHY (%) 170
TABLE 121 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR OCEANOGRAPHY (%) 171
OIL, GAS AND MINERAL EXPLORATION 171
FORECASTS FOR OIL, GAS AND MINERAL EXPLORATION 172
TABLE 122 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN OIL, GAS AND MINERAL
EXPLORATION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 172
TABLE 123 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR OIL, GAS
AND MINERAL EXPLORATION (%) 173
TABLE 124 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR OIL, GAS AND MINERAL EXPLORATION (%) 173
PUBLIC HEALTH 174
TABLE 125 DISEASE-CAUSING CONDITIONS DETECTABLE FROM SPACE-BASED
PLATFORMS 174
FORECASTS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH 176
TABLE 126 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN PUBLIC HEALTH,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 176
TABLE 127 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR PUBLIC
HEALTH (%) 177
TABLE 128 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH (%) 178
RIGHT-OF-WAY MANAGEMENT 178
FORECASTS FOR RIGHT-OF-WAY MANAGEMENT 179
TABLE 129 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN RIGHT-OF-WAY
MANAGEMENT, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 179
TABLE 130 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
RIGHT-OF-WAY MANAGEMENT (%) 180
TABLE 131 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR RIGHT-OF-WAY MANAGEMENT (%) 180
URBAN AND SUBURBAN APPLICATIONS 180
FORECASTS FOR URBAN AND SUBURBAN APPLICATIONS 181
TABLE 132 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 181
TABLE 133 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR URBAN
AND SUBURBAN APPLICATIONS ($ MILLIONS) 182
TABLE 134 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR URBAN AND SUBURBAN APPLICATIONS (%) 182
WEATHER FORECASTING 183
SPACE WEATHER 183
FORECASTS FOR WEATHER FORECASTING 183
TABLE 135 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN WEATHER FORECASTING,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 183
TABLE 136 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR WEATHER
FORECASTING (%) 185
TABLE 137 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR WEATHER FORECASTING (%) 185

CHAPTER 8 THE REMOTE SENSING COMMUNITY 187

NATIONAL DEFENSE COMMUNITIES 188
CIVILIAN SPACE AGENCIES 188
TABLE 138 SPACE AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS, BY COUNTRY 188
NASA - NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 192
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY 192
GROUP ON EARTH OBSERVATIONS 193
TABLE 139 GEOSS PARTICIPATING MEMBERS 193
TABLE 140 GEOSS ORGANIZATIONS, BY COUNTRY 195
TABLE 141 JAPANESE REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ORGANIZATIONS 197
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 197
TABLE 142 MEMBERSHIP OF THE NOAA ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON COMMERCIAL
REMOTE SENSING 198
INTEGRATED PROGRAM OFFICE 198
COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES 199
DIGITALGLOBE 199
ASTRIUM 200
EARTH SATELLITE CORP. 202
GEOEYE 202
IMAGESAT INTERNATIONAL N.V. 203
INFOTERRA 203
RAPIDEYE 203
MDA INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. (FORMERLY EARTH SATELLITE
CORPORATION) 204
SCANEX 205
SPOT IMAGING 205
SURREY SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED 205
TABLE 143 SSTL SATELLITES AND MISSIONS 206

CHAPTER 9 ORGANIZATIONS 209

OVERVIEW 209
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 209
CENTER FOR EARTH RESOURCES OBSERVATION AND SCIENCE 209
INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION 210
TABLE 144 ISRO SATELLITES 211
UNOSAT UNOSAT/UNITAR 211
TABLE 145 EUROPEAN-BASED REMOTE SENSING ORGANIZATIONS 211
MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION FOR PRIVATE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC
SURVEYORS 212
OPEN GEOSPACE CONSORTIUM 213

CHAPTER 10 REMOTE SENSING PATENT REVIEW 216

TABLE 146 RECENT REMOTE SENSING RELATED INVENTIONS (U.S. PATENTS
ISSUED AUGUST 2011 THROUGH JUNE 2013) 216
ABSTRACTS OF 21ST-CENTURY REMOTE SENSING PATENTS 217

CHAPTER 11 APPENDICES 228

APPENDIX A 228
TABLE 147 SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS EVALUATED FOR THIS STUDY, BY FUNCTION 228
APPENDIX B 266
TABLE 148 SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS EVALUATED FOR THIS STUDY, BY
NATIONALITY 266
APPENDIX C 300
TABLE 149 SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS, BY ORBITAL CHARACTERISTICS 300
APPENDIX D 327
TABLE 150 EUROPEAN RESEARCH VESSELS 327
APPENDIX E 333
TABLE 151 UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS 333
APPENDIX F 338
TABLE 152 COMMONLY USED MULTISPECTRAL INSTRUMENTS 338
APPENDIX G 339
TABLE 153 INSTRUMENTS, BY NUMBER OF SPECTRAL BANDS 339
APPENDIX H 341
TABLE 154 COMMONLY USED HYERSPECTRAL INSTRUMENTS 341
APPENDIX I 342
TABLE 155 COMMONLY USED AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS 342
APPENDIX J: EARLIER REMOTE SENSING PATENTS 343
REMOTE SENSING OF WAVE HEIGHTS USING A NARROWBAND RADAR
ARRANGEMENT 343
RADAR IMAGING SYSTEM AND METHOD USING DIRECTIONAL GRADIENT
MAGNITUDE SECOND MOMENT SPATIAL VARIANCE DETECTION DEVICE 344
REMOTE-SENSING METHOD AND DEVICE 344
IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM AND IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD FOR
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH 345
REMOTE SENSING OF WAVE HEIGHTS USING A BROADBAND RADAR
ARRANGEMENT 345
METHOD AND APPARATUS OF CORRECTING GEOMETRY OF AN IMAGE 345
SOUND SOURCES SEPARATION AND MONITORING USING DIRECTIONAL
COHERENT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 346
ULTRAVIOLET, INFRARED, AND NEAR-INFRARED LIDAR SYSTEM AND
METHOD 346
DERIVATION AND PRODUCTION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION, VERY SHORT-TERM
WEATHER FORECASTS 347
COMPRESSION ASSEMBLY OF SPATIAL HETERODYNE SPECTROMETER 347
GENERAL LINE OF SIGHT STABILIZATION SYSTEM 347
CRYOGENICALLY COOLED ADJUSTABLE APERTURES FOR INFRA-RED
CAMERAS 348
CROSS-COMPONENT SUPERCONDUCTING GRAVITY GRADIOMETER WITH
IMPROVED LINEARITY AND SENSITIVITY AND METHOD FOR GRAVITY
GRADIENT SENSING
348
VEHICLE BASED DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING SYSTEM 349
TIME DOMAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS AND INSPECTION SYSTEM
FOR CONDUITS 349
VOLUME-PHASE HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFRACTION GRATING OPTIMIZED FOR
THE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL REGION 349
TERAHERTZ IMAGING FOR NEAR FIELD OBJECTS 350
MULTISPECTRAL MULTIPOLARIZATION ANTENNA-COUPLED INFRARED
FOCAL PLANE ARRAY 350
IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD AND APPARATUS USING SELF-ADAPTIVE
BINARIZATION 351
DIGITAL FTIR SPECTROMETER 351
MATRIX TRANSPOSITION IN A COMPUTER SYSTEM 351
ON/OFF KEYING NODE-TO-NODE MESSAGING TRANSCEIVER NETWORK
WITH DYNAMIC ROUTING AND CONFIGURING 352
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE TEMPERATURE
OF A BLACKBODY RADIATOR 352
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT DEVICE 353
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ANALYZING PARTICLE SYSTEMS USING
POLARIZED SCATTERED LIGHT 353
CONTROL OF AN OPTICAL FIBER SCANNER 353
NEAR-IR HUMAN DETECTOR 354
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REAL TIME IR SPECTROSCOPY 354
VCSEL ASSEMBLY WITH EDGE-RECEIVING OPTICAL DEVICES 355
SONAR-CONTROLLED APPARATUS FOR THE DELIVERY OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 355
MAPPING AIR CONTAMINANTS USING PATH-INTEGRATED OPTICAL REMOTE
SENSING WITH A NON-OVERLAPPING VARIABLE PATH LENGTH BEAM
GEOMETRY
355
METHODS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCTS FOR
GENERATING WEATHER FORECASTS FROM MULTI-MODEL
SUPERENSEMBLE
356
DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK SURFACE PLASMON LASER 356
INFRARED IMAGER USING ROOM TEMPERATURE CAPACITANCE SENSOR 357
AEROSOL HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION AND EARLY WARNING NETWORK 357
TACTICAL THERMAL LUMINESCENCE SENSOR FOR GROUND PATH
CONTAMINATION DETECTION 358
MEASUREMENT OF BRIGHTNESS, FLOW VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE OF
RADIANT MEDIA 358
DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING AT MULTIPLE DISCRETE WAVELENGTHS,
USING MULTIPLE MONO-MODE FIBRES OR FOR DETECTING THE VELOCITY
OF SCATTERING SENSORS
359
AREA RECEIVER WITH ANTENNA-COUPLED INFRARED SENSORS 359
LAND-MINE DETECTOR WITH A HIGH-POWER MICROWAVE ILLUMINATOR
AND AN INFRARED DETECTOR 360
WAVELENGTH-TUNABLE COUPLED ANTENNA UNCOOLED INFRARED (IR)
SENSOR 360
MICROVALVE AND MICROTHRUSTER FOR SATELLITES 361
IMAGING SPECTROMETER/CAMERA HAVING CONVEX GRATING 361
POLARIZATION-TUNABLE ANTENNA-COUPLED INFRARED DETECTOR 362
DETECTOR OF HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS BASED ON LASER
PHOTOFRAGMENTATION/ FRAGMENT STIMULATED EMISSION 362
RADIATION-HARD, STEADY-STATE IMAGING BOLOMETER 363
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF IMAGES 363
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ROAD SURFACE CONDITIONS 363
REMOTE CONTAMINATION SENSING DEVICE FOR DETERMINING
CONTAMINATION ON INSULATION OF POWER LINES AND SUBSTATIONS 364
SILICON COATED MYLAR BEAMSPLITTER 364
SPECTROMETRY USING AN OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR 364
FAST PATTERN-DETECTION MACHINE AND METHOD 365
PASSIVE OPTICAL WIND PROFILOMETER 365
OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA 366
UNCOOLED TUNNELING INFRARED SENSOR 366
PULSED INTRACAVITY NONLINEAR OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERTER 366
HIGH-RESOLUTION PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS FOR EARTH REMOTE
SENSING 367
IMAGE PROCESSING AND MAP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 367
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING PHASE COHERENT SIGNAL
REFLECTIONS IN MEDIA CONTAINING RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED TARGETS 368
IMAGE ANALYZING APPARATUS 368
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REMOTE SENSING OF GASES, VAPORS OR
AEROSOLS 369
PRESSURE-SENSITIVE OPTRODE 369
PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING THE DENSITY OF A LOADED
DRILLING FLUID FROM A DEEP WELL, IN PARTICULAR AN OIL WELL 369
DIFFERENTIAL DOPPLER VELOCITY SENSOR 370
SIGNAL PROCESSING IN SHORT-PULSE GEOPHYSICAL RADAR SYSTEM 370
GROUND RADAR SYSTEM 371
METHOD FOR PROCESSING THREE-DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC DATA TO
SELECT AND PLOT DATA ON A TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY SURFACE 371
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEISMIC-MAGNETIC PROSPECTING 371
DETERMINATION OF TIME DISPLACEMENT BETWEEN COMMON
INFORMATION IN SEISMIC SIGNALS 372

LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE VALUE OF REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS BY PLATFORM, THROUGH
2019 ($ BILLIONS) 9
TABLE 1 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2019 ($
MILLIONS) 13
TABLE 2 U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCY INVOLVEMENT IN COMMERCIAL REMOTE
SENSING PRODUCTS 14
TABLE 3 NAVSTAR SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 18
TABLE 4 GALILEO SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 19
TABLE 5 GLONASS SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 19
TABLE 6 COMPASS/BEIDOU SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 20
TABLE 7 COMPASS BEIDOU 2 SATELLITES (DATE LAUNCHED) 21
TABLE 8 REMOTELY SENSED PHENOMENA 25
TABLE 9 REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS ACRONYMS 27
TABLE 10 APPLICATIONS FOR INFRASONIC SYSTEMS 31
TABLE 11 FILMS USED FOR REMOTE SENSING 36
TABLE 12 RADAR BANDS 42
TABLE 13 GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (RESOLUTION AND PULSE
CHARACTERISTICS) 44
TABLE 14 RADAR EQUIPPED SATELLITES (OPERATIONAL AS OF JUNE 1, 2013) 45
TABLE 15 SEISMIC SENSORS (V/METER, HIGHER VALUES ARE BETTER) 46
TABLE 16 BANDS COMMONLY USED IN REMOTE SENSING 47
TABLE 17 OPERATIONAL COST AND COST TRENDS FOR PLATFORMS (INCLUDES LAW
ENFORCEMENT, EXCLUDES MILITARY AND FEDERAL SURVEILLANCE) 54
TABLE 18 NASA MANNED AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING PLATFORMS 56
TABLE 19 NOAA MANNED AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING PLATFORMS 57
TABLE 20 NATIONS OPERATING RESEARCH VESSELS 60
TABLE 21 NOAA VESSELS 61
TABLE 22 WAVE BUOYS FOR LITTORAL APPLICATIONS 63
TABLE 23 ARGOS MEMBERS 64
TABLE 24 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT LOCATIONS 65
TABLE 25 NEPTUNE CANADA INSTRUMENT CAPABILITIES 65
TABLE 26 THRESHOLDS TO SPACE 66
TABLE 27 LANDSAT SERIES REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES (SATELLITES
OPERATIONAL ON JUNE 1, 2013 APPEAR IN BOLD) 72
TABLE 28 NATIONS WITH ORBITAL PLATFORMS (PLATFORMS OPERATIONAL AS OF
JUNE 1, 2013) 76
TABLE 29 C-MAN BASELINE DATASETS 78
TABLE 30 NATIONAL DEMAND IN THE 39 LARGEST REMOTE SENSING MARKETS, BY
DEMAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 82
TABLE 31 NATIONAL DEMAND IN THE 39 LARGEST REMOTE SENSING MARKETS, BY
GROWTH RATE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 83
TABLE 32 NATIONAL MARKET FOR ARGENTINA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 33 NATIONAL MARKET FOR AUSTRALIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 85
TABLE 34 NATIONAL MARKET FOR AUSTRIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 86
TABLE 35 NATIONAL MARKET FOR BELGIUM, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 86
TABLE 36 NATIONAL MARKET FOR BRAZIL, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 87
TABLE 37 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CANADA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 88
TABLE 38 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CHINA - MAINLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 88
TABLE 39 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CHINA - TAIWAN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 89
TABLE 40 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CHINA-HONG KONG, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 90
TABLE 41 NATIONAL MARKET FOR COLOMBIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 90
TABLE 42 NATIONAL MARKET FOR CZECH REPUBLIC, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 91
TABLE 43 NATIONAL MARKET FOR DENMARK, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 92
TABLE 44 NATIONAL MARKET FOR FINLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 92
TABLE 45 NATIONAL MARKET FOR FRANCE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 93
TABLE 46 NATIONAL MARKET FOR GERMANY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 94
TABLE 47 NATIONAL MARKET FOR GREECE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 94
TABLE 48 NATIONAL MARKET FOR INDIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 95
TABLE 49 NATIONAL MARKET FOR INDONESIA, 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 96
TABLE 50 NATIONAL MARKET FOR ISRAEL, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 96
TABLE 51 NATIONAL MARKET FOR ITALY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 97
TABLE 52 NATIONAL MARKET FOR JAPAN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 98
TABLE 53 NATIONAL MARKET FOR KOREA-SOUTH, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 98
TABLE 54 NATIONAL MARKET FOR MEXICO, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 99
TABLE 55 NATIONAL MARKET FOR NETHERLANDS, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 100
TABLE 56 NATIONAL MARKET FOR NORWAY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 100
TABLE 57 NATIONAL MARKET FOR PAKISTAN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 101
TABLE 58 NATIONAL MARKET FOR POLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 102
TABLE 59 NATIONAL MARKET FOR PORTUGAL, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 102
TABLE 60 NATIONAL MARKET FOR RUSSIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 103
TABLE 61 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SAUDI ARABIA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 62 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SINGAPORE, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 104
TABLE 63 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SOUTH AFRICA, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 105
TABLE 64 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SPAIN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 106
TABLE 65 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SWEDEN, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 106
TABLE 66 NATIONAL MARKET FOR SWITZERLAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 107
TABLE 67 NATIONAL MARKET FOR THAILAND, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 108
TABLE 68 NATIONAL MARKET FOR TURKEY, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 108
TABLE 69 NATIONAL MARKET FOR U.K., THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 109
TABLE 70 NATIONAL MARKET FOR U.S., THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 110
TABLE 71 NATIONAL MARKET FOR REST OF THE WORLD, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS) 111
TABLE 72 FORECAST DEMAND FOR THE 20 REMOTE SENSING END-USER MARKETS,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 114
TABLE 73 LAND SUITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE (MILLION SQ KM) 118
TABLE 74 REGIONS WITH BELOW AVERAGE CEREAL YIELD (KILOGRAMS PER
HECTARE) 118
TABLE 75 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN AGRICULTURE, THROUGH
2019 ($ MILLIONS) 119
TABLE 76 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
AGRICULTURE (%) 120
TABLE 77 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR AGRICULTURE (%) 120
TABLE 78 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ARCHEOLOGICAL AND
CULTURAL SITE PROTECTION, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 122
TABLE 79 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL SITE PROTECTION (%) 123
TABLE 80 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL SITE
PROTECTION (%) 124
TABLE 81 ACRONYMS USED IN ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 125
TABLE 82 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH,
THROUGH 2019 128
TABLE 83 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (%) 129
TABLE 84 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (%) 129
TABLE 85 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN BORDER PROTECTION,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 131
TABLE 86 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR BORDER
PROTECTION (%) 132
TABLE 87 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR BORDER PROTECTION (%) 133
TABLE 88 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CARTOGRAPHY, THROUGH
2019 ($ MILLIONS) 134
TABLE 89 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
CARTOGRAPHY, THROUGH 2019 (%) 135
TABLE 90 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR CARTOGRAPHY (%) 136
TABLE 91 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 140
TABLE 92 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR CLIMATE
CHANGE STUDIES (%) 142
TABLE 93 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES (%) 142
TABLE 94 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 143
TABLE 95 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT (%) 144
TABLE 96 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT (%) 145
TABLE 97 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN FORESTRY, THROUGH 2019
($ MILLIONS) 146
TABLE 98 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR FORESTRY
(%) 147
TABLE 99 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR FORESTRY (%) 147
TABLE 100 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN HYDROLOGY AND
FRESHWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 151
TABLE 101 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (%) 152
TABLE 102 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (%) 152
TABLE 103 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN INTELLIGENCE GATHERING,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 154
TABLE 104 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
INTELLIGENCE GATHERING (%) 155
TABLE 105 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR INTELLIGENCE GATHERING (%) 155
TABLE 106 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN LAND MINE DETECTION,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 156
TABLE 107 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAND MINE
DETECTION (%) 157
TABLE 108 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR LAND MINE DETECTION (%) 157
TABLE 109 PIONEERING STATE AND COUNTY REMOTE SENSING PROGRAMS IN THE
U.S. 158
TABLE 110 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN LAND PLANNING,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 159
TABLE 111 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAND
PLANNING (%) 160
TABLE 112 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR LAND PLANNING (%) 160
TABLE 113 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 164
TABLE 114 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAW
ENFORCEMENT (%) 165
TABLE 115 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT (%) 166
TABLE 116 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN NATURAL HAZARD
MONITORING, THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 167
TABLE 117 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR NATURAL
HAZARD MONITORING (%) 168
TABLE 118 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR NATURAL HAZARD MONITORING (%) 168
TABLE 119 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN OCEANOGRAPHY,
THROUGH 2019 ($ MILLIONS) 169
TABLE 120 PLATFORMS USED TO ACQUIRE REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR
OCEANOGRAPHY (%) 170
TABLE 121 INSTRUMENTATION USE FOR OCEANOGRAPHY (%) 171
TABLE 122 NATIONAL DEMAND FOR REMOTE SENSING IN OIL, GAS AND MINERAL

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